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Sack of Magdeburg
The Sack of Magdeburg ((ドイツ語:Magdeburgs Opfergang) or (ドイツ語:Magdeburger Hochzeit)) refers to the siege, the subsequent plundering, and the massacre of the inhabitants of the largely Protestant city of Magdeburg by the forces of the Holy Roman Empire and the Catholic League during the Thirty Years' War. The siege lasted from November 1630 until 20 May 1631.
==Background==
The Thirty Years' War had been raging for about thirteen years by the time that the imperial city of Magdeburg rose up against the Holy Roman emperor. The city's councillors had been emboldened by King Gustavus Adolphus's landing in Pomerania on 6 July 1630.〔Peter H. Wilson, ''From Reich to Revolution: German History, 1558 - 1806'' (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004), 128.〕 The Swedish king was a Lutheran Protestant and many of Magdeburg's residents were convinced that he would aid them in their struggle against the Catholic Habsburg emperor, Ferdinand II. Not all Protestant rulers within the Holy Roman Empire had immediately embraced Adolphus, however.〔"The Sack of Magdeburg (20 May 1631)," in Tryntje Helfferich, ed., ''The Thirty Years War: A Documentary History,'' 107.〕 Some believed that his motive for entering the war was the possession of northern German ports that would allow him to control commerce in the Baltic Sea.〔Peter H. Wilson, ''From Reich to Revolution: German History, 1558 - 1806'' (New York: Palgrave MacMillan, 2004), 129.〕 Regardless, the city of Magdeburg had good reason to ally itself with him; the Swedish king had one of the most efficient armies of that time period and he did not rely on mercenaries as much as other rulers did at the time. While his army was made up primarily of his Swedish countrymen, the armies of the Holy Roman emperor included a mix of Hungarians, Croats, Spaniards, Poles, Italians, Frenchmen, Germans, and others.〔Dr. James Frusetta. "Foreign Intervention." Hampden-Sydney College. 12 September 2012. Lecture.〕 In a matter of months, imperial forces under the command of the Count of Tilly laid siege to the city.〔
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